Computer Basics

Computer is an electronic device or programmable machine that manipulates information or data (input) and produces the result (output). It has the ability of storing, retrieving and processing the data. It is composed of hardware and software in it.

Parts-

Input Devices – Access the data

Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Process the data

Output Devices- Produces the result

Storage Devices (RAM) – Stores the result

 HARDWARE-Term hardware refers to physical components or elements of the computer like keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer, Disk and Chips

SOFTWARE-Term Software refers to set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do.   

      Software will be loaded from Disk to RAM (Random Access Memory)            Some of the examples are Games, web browsers and word processors such as Microsoft word

  HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Internal hardware components

·         —  CPU

·         —  Mother Board

·         —  RAM

·         —  Sound Card

·         —  Video Card

·         —  Hard Drive

·         —  DVD

External Hardware components

·         —  Keyboard

·         —  Mouse

·         —  Printer

·         —  Scanner

·         —  Monitor

·         —  Speakers

·         Input Devices (accesses the data)
Devices which helps us to interact with computer is nothing but input devices
Ex: Keyboard and Mouse

·         Output Devices (provides the output)
Devices which sends back the information to you is nothing but Output Devices
Ex: Monitor and Printer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

•       Central Processing Unit is also called as the “Brain of the Computer” or Main Processor which controls all the systems inner functions.
•     It is very easy to replace because it is inserted into the socket and is not soldered onto the motherboard

A computer may contain more than one CPU which is nothing but MULTIPROCESSING

Two main parts of CPU are

•     Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
•     Control Unit (CU).

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): ALU is also called as basic building blocks of Central Processing Unit, which performs all arithmetic and logical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

Control Unit (CU): Control Unit controls the entire processing. It helps in the communication between Memory and ALU

Memory (stores the result)

place where we can store the data or set of instructions to access them while performing the operations 

There are two types of memories (storage devices)

•    RAM (Random Access Memory)
•    ROM (Read Only Memory)

RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM (Random Access Memory) is one of the storage devices which performs both read and write operations. But RAM is Volatile in nature it loses the data when there is no power supply. It is fast while programming when compared to ROM

There are two types of RAM

•       DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
•       SRAM ( Static Random Access Memory)

ROM (Read Only Memory)

Main advantage of ROM is that we can easily alter the data or reprogrammable. Advantage of ROM is Non –Volatile in nature which does not loses any data when there is no power supply. Motherboard may consist of more than one ROM chips.

Types of ROM

• ROM- Read only Memory
• PROM- Programmable Read only Memory
• EPROM- Erasable Programmable Read only Memory
• EEPROM- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read only Memory
• Flash EEPROM memory

Computer is an electronic device or programmable machine that manipulates information or data (input) and produces the result (output). It has the ability of storing, retrieving and processing the data. It is composed of hardware and software in it.

Parts-

Input Devices – Access the data

Central Processing Unit (CPU) – Process the data

Output Devices- Produces the result

Storage Devices (RAM) – Stores the result

 HARDWARE-Term hardware refers to physical components or elements of the computer like keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer, Disk and Chips

SOFTWARE-Term Software refers to set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do.   

      Software will be loaded from Disk to RAM (Random Access Memory)            Some of the examples are Games, web browsers and word processors such as Microsoft word

  HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Internal hardware components

·         —  CPU

·         —  Mother Board

·         —  RAM

·         —  Sound Card

·         —  Video Card

·         —  Hard Drive

·         —  DVD

External Hardware components

·         —  Keyboard

·         —  Mouse

·         —  Printer

·         —  Scanner

·         —  Monitor

·         —  Speakers

·         Input Devices (accesses the data)
Devices which helps us to interact with computer is nothing but input devices
Ex: Keyboard and Mouse

·         Output Devices (provides the output)
Devices which sends back the information to you is nothing but Output Devices
Ex: Monitor and Printer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

•       Central Processing Unit is also called as the “Brain of the Computer” or Main Processor which controls all the systems inner functions.
•     It is very easy to replace because it is inserted into the socket and is not soldered onto the motherboard

A computer may contain more than one CPU which is nothing but MULTIPROCESSING

Two main parts of CPU are

•     Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
•     Control Unit (CU).

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): ALU is also called as basic building blocks of Central Processing Unit, which performs all arithmetic and logical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division

Control Unit (CU): Control Unit controls the entire processing. It helps in the communication between Memory and ALU

Memory (stores the result)

place where we can store the data or set of instructions to access them while performing the operations 

There are two types of memories (storage devices)

•    RAM (Random Access Memory)
•    ROM (Read Only Memory)

RAM (Random Access Memory)

RAM (Random Access Memory) is one of the storage devices which performs both read and write operations. But RAM is Volatile in nature it loses the data when there is no power supply. It is fast while programming when compared to ROM

There are two types of RAM

•       DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
•       SRAM ( Static Random Access Memory)

ROM (Read Only Memory)

Main advantage of ROM is that we can easily alter the data or reprogrammable. Advantage of ROM is Non –Volatile in nature which does not loses any data when there is no power supply. Motherboard may consist of more than one ROM chips.

Types of ROM

• ROM- Read only Memory
• PROM- Programmable Read only Memory
• EPROM- Erasable Programmable Read only Memory
• EEPROM- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read only Memory
• Flash EEPROM memory