Directions (Q. 1-5): In each question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts. Give answer
1) if only conclusion I follows.
2) if only conclusion II follows.
3) if either conclusion I or II follows.
4) if neither conclusion I nor II follows.
5) if both conclusions I and II follow.
1. Statements: Some cloths are shirts.
All shirts are stalls.
Conclusions: I. All stalls being cloths is a possibility.
II. Some shirts are not cloths.
2. Statements: Some hours are minutes.
Some minutes are not seconds.
Conclusions: I. Some seconds are hours.
II. All hours are seconds.
3. Statements: No pin is a staple.
Some pens are staples.
Conclusions: I. Some staples are not pins.
II. Some pens are not pins.
4. Statements: All letters are numbers.
Some numbers are not squares.
Conclusions: I. Some squares are not letters.
II. Some numbers are letters.
5. Statements: All hankies are towels.
No towel is cloth.
Conclusions: I. No hanky is cloth.
II. Some towels are hankies.
Answers
1. 1; Some cloths are shirts - conversion = Some shirts are cloths. Hence conclusion II does not follow. There is no negative
statement. Thus the possibility in I exists. Hence conclusion I follows.
2. 4; Some hours are minutes (I) + Some minutes are not seconds (O) = I + O = No conclusion. Hence, neither conclusion I nor II follows.
3. 5; No pin is a staple - conversion = No staple is a pin. Hence, conclusion I follows as an implication.
Again, Some pens are staples (I) + No staple is a pin (E) = I + E = O = Some pens are not pins. Hence, conclusion II follows.
4. 2; All letters are numbers (A) + Some numbers are not squares (O) = A + O = No conclusion. Hence conclusion I does not
follow.
Again, All letters are numbers- conversion = Some numbers are letters. Hence, conclusion II follows.
5. 5; All hankies are towels (A) + No towel is cloth (E) = A + E = E = No hanky is cloth.
Hence conclusion I follows.
Again, All hankies are towels - conversion= Some towels are hankies. Hence conclusion II follows.
1) if only conclusion I follows.
2) if only conclusion II follows.
3) if either conclusion I or II follows.
4) if neither conclusion I nor II follows.
5) if both conclusions I and II follow.
1. Statements: Some cloths are shirts.
All shirts are stalls.
Conclusions: I. All stalls being cloths is a possibility.
II. Some shirts are not cloths.
2. Statements: Some hours are minutes.
Some minutes are not seconds.
Conclusions: I. Some seconds are hours.
II. All hours are seconds.
3. Statements: No pin is a staple.
Some pens are staples.
Conclusions: I. Some staples are not pins.
II. Some pens are not pins.
4. Statements: All letters are numbers.
Some numbers are not squares.
Conclusions: I. Some squares are not letters.
II. Some numbers are letters.
5. Statements: All hankies are towels.
No towel is cloth.
Conclusions: I. No hanky is cloth.
II. Some towels are hankies.
Answers
1. 1; Some cloths are shirts - conversion = Some shirts are cloths. Hence conclusion II does not follow. There is no negative
statement. Thus the possibility in I exists. Hence conclusion I follows.
2. 4; Some hours are minutes (I) + Some minutes are not seconds (O) = I + O = No conclusion. Hence, neither conclusion I nor II follows.
3. 5; No pin is a staple - conversion = No staple is a pin. Hence, conclusion I follows as an implication.
Again, Some pens are staples (I) + No staple is a pin (E) = I + E = O = Some pens are not pins. Hence, conclusion II follows.
4. 2; All letters are numbers (A) + Some numbers are not squares (O) = A + O = No conclusion. Hence conclusion I does not
follow.
Again, All letters are numbers- conversion = Some numbers are letters. Hence, conclusion II follows.
5. 5; All hankies are towels (A) + No towel is cloth (E) = A + E = E = No hanky is cloth.
Hence conclusion I follows.
Again, All hankies are towels - conversion= Some towels are hankies. Hence conclusion II follows.
Directions (Q. 1-5): In each question below are given two statements followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts. Give answer
1) if only conclusion I follows.
2) if only conclusion II follows.
3) if either conclusion I or II follows.
4) if neither conclusion I nor II follows.
5) if both conclusions I and II follow.
1. Statements: Some cloths are shirts.
All shirts are stalls.
Conclusions: I. All stalls being cloths is a possibility.
II. Some shirts are not cloths.
2. Statements: Some hours are minutes.
Some minutes are not seconds.
Conclusions: I. Some seconds are hours.
II. All hours are seconds.
3. Statements: No pin is a staple.
Some pens are staples.
Conclusions: I. Some staples are not pins.
II. Some pens are not pins.
4. Statements: All letters are numbers.
Some numbers are not squares.
Conclusions: I. Some squares are not letters.
II. Some numbers are letters.
5. Statements: All hankies are towels.
No towel is cloth.
Conclusions: I. No hanky is cloth.
II. Some towels are hankies.
Answers
1. 1; Some cloths are shirts - conversion = Some shirts are cloths. Hence conclusion II does not follow. There is no negative
statement. Thus the possibility in I exists. Hence conclusion I follows.
2. 4; Some hours are minutes (I) + Some minutes are not seconds (O) = I + O = No conclusion. Hence, neither conclusion I nor II follows.
3. 5; No pin is a staple - conversion = No staple is a pin. Hence, conclusion I follows as an implication.
Again, Some pens are staples (I) + No staple is a pin (E) = I + E = O = Some pens are not pins. Hence, conclusion II follows.
4. 2; All letters are numbers (A) + Some numbers are not squares (O) = A + O = No conclusion. Hence conclusion I does not
follow.
Again, All letters are numbers- conversion = Some numbers are letters. Hence, conclusion II follows.
5. 5; All hankies are towels (A) + No towel is cloth (E) = A + E = E = No hanky is cloth.
Hence conclusion I follows.
Again, All hankies are towels - conversion= Some towels are hankies. Hence conclusion II follows.
1) if only conclusion I follows.
2) if only conclusion II follows.
3) if either conclusion I or II follows.
4) if neither conclusion I nor II follows.
5) if both conclusions I and II follow.
1. Statements: Some cloths are shirts.
All shirts are stalls.
Conclusions: I. All stalls being cloths is a possibility.
II. Some shirts are not cloths.
2. Statements: Some hours are minutes.
Some minutes are not seconds.
Conclusions: I. Some seconds are hours.
II. All hours are seconds.
3. Statements: No pin is a staple.
Some pens are staples.
Conclusions: I. Some staples are not pins.
II. Some pens are not pins.
4. Statements: All letters are numbers.
Some numbers are not squares.
Conclusions: I. Some squares are not letters.
II. Some numbers are letters.
5. Statements: All hankies are towels.
No towel is cloth.
Conclusions: I. No hanky is cloth.
II. Some towels are hankies.
Answers
1. 1; Some cloths are shirts - conversion = Some shirts are cloths. Hence conclusion II does not follow. There is no negative
statement. Thus the possibility in I exists. Hence conclusion I follows.
2. 4; Some hours are minutes (I) + Some minutes are not seconds (O) = I + O = No conclusion. Hence, neither conclusion I nor II follows.
3. 5; No pin is a staple - conversion = No staple is a pin. Hence, conclusion I follows as an implication.
Again, Some pens are staples (I) + No staple is a pin (E) = I + E = O = Some pens are not pins. Hence, conclusion II follows.
4. 2; All letters are numbers (A) + Some numbers are not squares (O) = A + O = No conclusion. Hence conclusion I does not
follow.
Again, All letters are numbers- conversion = Some numbers are letters. Hence, conclusion II follows.
5. 5; All hankies are towels (A) + No towel is cloth (E) = A + E = E = No hanky is cloth.
Hence conclusion I follows.
Again, All hankies are towels - conversion= Some towels are hankies. Hence conclusion II follows.
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