Computer Notes- Networking and Internet For Bank and SSC Exams

 Comprehensive Guide to Computer Networking for Bank and Exam Aspirants

Published On: January 15, 2025 | Author: ExamGuruAdda Team

Computer networking refers to the communication between two or more computer systems linked together. Networks are established using a combination of computer hardware and software, enabling seamless data sharing and connectivity.

Types of Computer Networks

1. Local Area Network (LAN): Connects devices within a small geographical area, such as a building or campus, typically up to 1 km.

   • Types of LANs: Star LAN, Ring LAN, Bus LAN

2. Wide Area Network (WAN): Connects geographically dispersed LANs, spanning cities, countries, or even continents. Examples include the Internet.

   • Types of WANs: Public Networks, Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN), Public Service Digital Networks (PSDN)

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Covers a city or town, bridging the gap between LAN and WAN.

4. Storage Area Network (SAN): Dedicated to data storage devices.

5. Personal Area Network (PAN): A network for personal use, typically within a range of 10 meters.

6. Controller Area Network (CAN): Often used in automotive and industrial systems.

7. Cluster Area Network (CAN): Facilitates communication between interconnected servers.

Key Network Topologies

1. Bus Topology: Single line connecting all nodes. 2. Star Topology: Central node connects peripheral nodes. 3. Ring Topology: Nodes connected in a circular arrangement. 4. Mesh Topology: Nodes interconnect, allowing multiple paths. 5. Tree Topology: Hierarchical arrangement of nodes.

Client-Server vs. Peer-to-Peer Networking

1. Client-Server Networking:

   • Centralized architecture where the server provides resources.

   • Server (Passive): Responds to client requests.

   • Client (Active): Sends requests and waits for responses.

2. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networking:

   • Decentralized architecture where each node can act as both a client and server.

   • Ideal for file sharing and grid computing.

Internet: The Global Network

The Internet connects millions of networks worldwide, enabling access to vast information. Key services include:

• Email: Communication via text-based messages.

• Chat: Real-time text exchange.

• Video Conferencing: Simultaneous audio and video communication.

Important Internet Protocols:

• TCP/IP: Fundamental for data transmission.

• FTP: Protocol for file transfers.

• HTTP/HTTPS: Web browsing.

Wireless Networks

Wireless LAN (WLAN): Uses radio waves for wireless connectivity within a limited area.

Web Terminology

• Website: Collection of web pages sharing a domain.

  • Static vs. Dynamic Websites

• Web Page: Individual resource on the web containing text, images, and links.

• Home Page: The entry point of a website.

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL): The web address for resources.

Android Operating System

Android is an open-source mobile OS based on Linux, developed by Android Inc. and acquired by Google. It supports numerous apps, enhancing the functionality of mobile devices.

Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

WAP enables Internet access on mobile devices, ensuring compatibility with smaller screens.

Conclusion

Understanding computer networks and their components is essential for aspiring professionals, particularly in banking and IT-related exams. This comprehensive guide covers critical topics, providing a strong foundation for exam preparation.